t 1-22: SolAI^/103? - 1^/64
SOLAR/1038-79/04
Monthly
Performance
Report
SADDLE HILL TRUST
LOT 36
APRIL 1979
U.S. Department of Energy
National Solar Heating and
Cooling Demonstration Program
National Solar Data Program
.NOTICE.
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States
Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Department of Energy, nor
any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees,
make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for
the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or
process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
MONTHLY PERFORMANCE REPORT
SADDLE HILL TRUST
LOT 36
APRIL 1979
I. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Saddle Hill Trust Lot 36 is a single-family residence in Medway, Massachusetts.
Solar energy is used for space heating the home and preheating domestic hot
water (DHW). The system has an array of flat-plate collectors with a gross
area of 315 square feet. The array faces south at an angle of 58 degrees to
the horizontal. A 60 percent glycerol solution is the transfer medium that
delivers solar energy from the collector array to storage; water is the
transfer medium that delivers solar energy from storage to the space heating
and hot water loads. Solar energy is stored in the basement in a 750-gallon
storage tank. The tank is made of steel and lined with polyurethane. Preheated
city water is supplied, on demand, to a conventional 80-gallon DHW tank.
When solar energy is insufficient to satisfy the space heating load, an oil
furnace provides auxiliary energy for space heating. Similarly, a conventional
electric 80-gallon DHW heater provides auxiliary energy for water heating.
The system, shown schematically in Figure 1, has three modes of solar operation.
Mode 1 - Collector-to-Storage : This mode activates when the collector tempera-
ture is either more than 40°F higher than storage temperature or higher than
150°F. Pump PI is on. Solar energy transfer takes place through a heat
exchanger located inside the storage tank.
Mode 2 - Storage-to-Space Heating : This mode activates when there is a
demand for space heating, storage temperature is 70°F or higher, and house
temperature is lower than storage temperature. Pump P3 is on. Solar energy
transfer takes place through a heat exchanger located inside the air duct.
Mode 3 - Storage-to-DHW Tank : This mode activates when storage water is 5°F
higher than water in the DHW tank. Pump P2 is on. Solar energy transfer
takes place through a heat exchanger located inside the DHW heater.
II. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
INTRODUCTION
The site was occupied in April and the solar energy system operated continuously
during the month. Solar energy satisfied 69 percent of the DHW requirements
and 20 percent of the space heating requirements. The solar energy system
provided an electrical energy savings of 2.1 million Btu and fossil fuel
energy savings of 1.8 million Btu.
1 4270
WEATHER CONDITIONS
During the month, total incident solar energy on the collector array was 11.1
million Btu for a daily average of 1178 Btu per square foot. This was below
the estimated average daily solar radiation for this geographical area
during April of 1230 Btu per square foot for a south-facing plane with a tilt
of 58 degrees to the horizontal. The average ambient temperature during
April was 47°F as compared with the long-term average for April of 49°F. The
number of heating degree-days for the month (based on a 65°F reference) was
546, as compared with the long-term average of 492.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE
System - During April the solar energy system performed somewhat poorer than
expected. The expected performance was determined from a modified f-chart
analysis using measured weather and subsystem loads as inputs. Solar energy
collected was 4.3 million Btu versus an estimated 5.2 million Btu. Solar
energy used by the system was estimated by assuming that all energy collected
would be applied to the load. Actual solar energy used was 3.4 million Btu.
System total solar fraction was 30 percent versus an estimated 59 percent.
Collector - The total incident solar radiation on the collector array for the
month of April was 11.1 million Btu. During the period the collector loop
was operating, the total insolation amounted to 8.6 million Btu. The total
collected solar energy for the month of April was 4.3 million Btu, resulting
in a collector array efficiency of 38 percent, based on total incident insola-
tion. Solar energy delivered from the collector array to storage was 4.3
million Btu. There was no measured energy loss during transfer from the
collector array to storage. Operating energy required by the collector loop
was 0.098 million Btu.
Storage - Solar energy delivered to storage was 4.3 million Btu. There were
3.4 million Btu delivered from storage to the DHW and space heating subsystems.
Energy loss from storage was 0.62 million Btu. This loss represented 14
percent of the energy delivered to storage. The storage efficiency was 86
percent: This is calculated as the ratio of the sum of the energy removed
from storage and the change in stored energy, to the energy delivered to
storage. The average storage temperature for the month was 115°F.
DHW Load - The DHW subsystem consumed 2.4 million Btu of solar energy and 1.0
million Btu of auxiliary electrical energy to satisfy a hot water load of 1.2
million Btu. The solar fraction of this load was 69 percent. Losses from
the DHW subsystem were 2.2 million Btu. The DHW subsystem consumed a total
of 0.17 million Btu of operating energy, resulting in an electrical energy
savings of 2.2 million Btu. A daily average of 53 gallons of DHW were consumed
at an average temperature of 138°F delivered from the tank.
Space Heating Load - The space heating subsystem consumed 1.1 million Btu of
solar energy and 7.0 million Btu of auxiliary fossil fuel energy to satisfy a
space heating load of 5.3 million Btu. The solar fraction of this load was
20 percent. The space heating subsystem consumed a total of 1.8 million Btu
of operating energy, resulting in an electrical energy expense of 0.020
mi 1 1 i~~ D4-.,
million Btu.
OBSERVATIONS
The DHW loop was on continuously throughout the month. This was a prime
contributor to the 2.2 million Btu energy loss in the DHW system.
ENERGY SAVINGS
The solar energy system provided a net electrical energy savings of 2.1
million Btu and a fossil fuel energy savings of 1.8 million Btu. The DHW
subsystem provided an electrical energy savings of 2.2 million Btu, while the
space heating subsystem provided a fossil fuel energy savings of 1.8 million
Btu and incurred an electrical energy expense of 0.020 million Btu.
III. ACTION STATUS
The system designer is investigating DHW subsystem operation.
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